LinuxID

LinuxID is capable of identifying your distro, getting what it's based on and every detail related to it. So it could print "Linux Mint 16 Petra", and then all its details and its base OS: "Ubuntu 13.10, Saucy Salamander", and various other info. It is open-source and written in C++. Source code is commented and can be found in the "Files" tab. To run the program, download "LinuxID" file and run it accordingly: navigate to where you downloaded the file and type this:
./LinuxID
If you have renamed the file, call on it like this:
./filename